Health Insurance
Health insurance is important but it does have its limitations. You should maximize your use of the healthcare system including insurance, but make certain that you understand its limitations.
Typical Insurance Limitations and Exclusions
Health insurance polices will vary quite a bit on their limitations and exlcusions
so it's always very important to read the actual policy (not the
marketing information) carefully before making a selection. Here are
some limitations and exclusions common for most health insurance
policies:
- Pre-existing conditions
Most health plans will have waiting periods of six months to a year for pre-existing conditions if you have had a lapse in health insurance coverage that's longer than 63 days. For example, if you're diabetic and leave your job but don't begin a new job right away, you would have
to pick up an individual insurance policy or find coverage somewhere
else (through a spouse's employment, for instance) in order to avoid a
waiting period with your next policy.
- Non-traditional treatments
Alternative and
complementary medicine often isn't covered by health insurance.
Alternative medicine is defined as treatments that are used in place of
conventional medicine and complementary medicine refers to treatments
and procedures that are used together with conventional medicine. These
types of treatments include acupuncture, yoga, acupressure, health coaching, nutritional therapy, massage and
biofeedback. In some health insurance plans, even chiropractic
treatments can fall under alternative medicine and therefore isn't
covered. These services often aren't covered as they're considered by
health care companies as experimental or non-traditional in nature. But, actually, it's due to alternative medicine focusing on non-drug therapies, which don't help the healthcare system make its profits.
- Home care and private nursing care
Home
care and private nursing expenses are some of the most common expenses
that aren't covered under your insurance plan. According to the CDC
there are over 1.4 million patients using home health care with the
average patient needing at least 60 days of treatment. Without any
coverage, these health care expenses can add up fast and end up
bankrupting patients and their families.
- Mental health treatment
Some plans cover
mental health treatment as well as drug rehabilitation. Although, some
only cover substance abuse if it co-occurs with mental illness. To get
access to these types of services you may be required to get a referral
from your regular doctor first. Mental health and substance abuse
services may also be offered through an employee assistance program (EAP) if your employer has one.
- Common Drug Benefit Exclusions
In addition
to the procedures, treatments, and surgeries discussed above, many
exclusions fall under drug benefit exclusions. Many of the drug benefits
that are excluded can be included in the same cosmetic or
nontraditional categories as those mentioned above. Drugs used only for
cosmetic purposes usually aren't covered by your plan. These can include
hair growth stimulants and supplements for clear skin or strong nails.
Non traditional drugs like food supplements and any drug considered
experimental are usually not included in your plan either. Like elective
abortions, drugs that are used to abort a pregnancy also aren't covered
for the same political reasons.
Complementary and Alternative
Medicine
Despite the lack of insurance coverage, many people in the United States are increasingly utilizing the various
forms of alternative medicine or CAM (Complementary and Alternative
Medicine). CAM is a group of health related therapies and practices that
are presently not recognized as part of traditional medicine.
These therapies
include such treatments as acupuncture, manipulative body therapies
(chiropractic and massage therapies), health coaching, biologic therapies (herbal),
energy healing, mind and body mediations (hypnosis, biofeedback and
meditation), prayer and spiritual healing, etc.
Alternative
medicine, holistic wellness and homeopathic remedies are becoming more
and more commonplace. The increased awareness about the benefits of
living a healthy lifestyle has resulted in a greater awareness about
holistic wellness and a renewed interest in alternative medicine. Health
providers that specialize in alternative medicine therapies aren’t a
new concept; for centuries people have been relying on homeopathic and
natural or alternative cures to their ailments.
Alternative Medicine and Insurance
But there’s a new awareness of how living a healthy lifestyle can
increase longevity, prevent illness and disease and perhaps most
importantly, make people feel better every day. In response, people are
shifting from a strict reliance on traditional medicine to alternative
therapies. As people look to holistic wellness, doctors and therapies to
cure what ails them, insurance companies struggle to keep up with
customer demands.
Save Money on Holistic Wellness Treatments
Before going to an alternative provider, find out if there is any
coverage from the current health insurance company for holistic wellness
treatments. Ask for ideas on the best ways to save money on office
visits and healing therapies. Some of the best ways to save money at
holistic and homeopathic providers when traditional health insurance
doesn’t provide any coverage:
- “Partial coverage” for alternative medicines and therapies often
means health insurance companies will provide customers with a discount
card that can be used with participating therapists to receive 20-30%
off holistic wellness services. It’s not much, but at least it’s
something. Check with medical insurance providers to see if they partner
with holistic health providers to provide discounts.
- Talk with
holistic wellness providers and explain that there is no health
insurance to cover the cost of office visits. They may be able to offer
an uninsured discount.
- If homeopathy, holistic or alternative
medicine treatments haven't started but may be needed, call around and
ask providers in the area about pricing. Comparison shopping can help
people find the best deal.
- Educate yourself about alternative therapies before engaging with a holistic provider. The more you know, the less money you have to spend for appointments.
Weigh costs with referrals from friends and family, and try to find a service that has the expertise to really help you. It's more important to find someone you trust and has the expertise to help you than it is to find a "free" insurance-covered service that doesn't have the expertise to improve your health.
Don't forget that insurance companies, doctors, and pharmaceutical companies all work together to guide you towards taking more and more drugs. As a result, they do not welcome or support many non-drug alternative therapies.
Conflict of Interest?
Visit any doctor's office and you'll see drug reps giving doctors samples to promote their products. Drug companies are known to lobby doctors and health care providers but until now there was no way to find out how much money doctors were being paid by pharmaceutical companies.
Doctor Kickbacks: Getting Paid by the Drug Companies
Most people have gotten a doctor's prescription at some point in their lives for a medicine they have needed. Some people need prescription medication on a regular basis due to their medical problems. The question is, to what degree can you trust that your doctor writes a prescription based only on your best interests as a patient?
The Truth About the Drug Companies
Every day Americans are subjected to a barrage of advertising by the

pharmaceutical industry, especially on TV. Mixed in with the pitches for a particular drug—usually featuring beautiful people enjoying themselves in the great outdoors—is a more general message. Boiled down to its essentials, it is this: “Yes, prescription drugs are expensive, but that shows how valuable they are. Besides, our research and development costs are enormous, and we need to cover them somehow. As ‘research-based’ companies, we turn out a steady stream of innovative medicines that lengthen life, enhance its quality, and avert more expensive medical care. You are the beneficiaries of this ongoing achievement of the American free enterprise system, so be grateful, quit whining, and pay up.”
Is any of this true? Well, the first part certainly is. Prescription drug costs are indeed high—and rising fast. Americans now spend a staggering
$200 billion a year on prescription drugs, and that figure is growing at a rate of about 12 percent a year (down from a high of 18 percent in 1999). Drugs are the fastest-growing part of the health care bill — which itself is rising at an alarming rate. The increase in drug spending reflects, in almost equal parts, the facts that people are taking a lot more drugs than they used to, that those drugs are more likely to be expensive new ones instead of older, cheaper ones, and that the prices of the most heavily prescribed drugs are routinely jacked up, sometimes several times a year.
Paying for prescription drugs is no longer a problem just for poor people. As the economy continues to struggle, health insurance is shrinking. Employers are requiring workers to pay more of the costs themselves, and many businesses are dropping health benefits altogether. Since prescription drug costs are rising so fast, payers are particularly eager to get out from under them by shifting costs to individuals. The result is that
more people have to pay a greater fraction of their drug bills out of pocket.
Many of them simply can’t do it. They trade off drugs against home heating or food. Some people try to string out their drugs by taking them less often than prescribed, or sharing them with a spouse. Others, too embarrassed to admit that they can’t afford to pay for drugs, leave their doctors’ offices with prescriptions in hand but don’t have them filled. Not only do these patients go without needed treatment but their doctors sometimes wrongly conclude that the drugs they prescribed haven’t worked and prescribe yet others—thus compounding the problem.
The people hurting most are the elderly. When Medicare was enacted in 1965, people took far fewer prescription drugs and they were cheap. For that reason, no one thought it necessary to include an outpatient prescription drug benefit in the program. In those days, senior citizens could generally afford to buy whatever drugs they needed out of pocket. Approximately half to two thirds of the elderly have supplementary insurance that partly covers prescription drugs, but that percentage is dropping as employers and insurers decide it is a losing proposition for them. At the end of 2003, Congress passed a Medicare reform bill that included a prescription drug benefit scheduled to begin in 2006, but as we shall see later, its benefits are inadequate to begin with and will quickly be overtaken by rising prices and administrative costs.
For obvious reasons, the elderly tend to need more prescription drugs than younger people—mainly for chronic conditions like arthritis, diabetes, high blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol. In 2001, nearly one in four seniors reported that they skipped doses or did not fill prescriptions because of the cost. (That fraction is almost certainly higher now.) Sadly, the frailest are the least likely to have supplementary insurance. At an average cost of $1,500 a year for each drug, someone without supplementary insurance who takes six different prescription drugs—and this is not rare—would have to spend $9,000 out of pocket. Not many among the old and frail have such deep pockets.
Furthermore, in one of the more perverse of the pharmaceutical industry’s practices, prices are much higher for precisely the people who most need the drugs and can least afford them. The industry charges Medicare recipients without supplementary insurance much more than it does favored customers, such as large HMOs or the Veterans Affairs (VA) system. Because the latter buy in bulk, they can bargain for steep discounts or rebates. People without insurance have no bargaining power; and so they pay the highest prices.
In the past two years, we have started to see, for the first time, the beginnings of public resistance to rapacious pricing and other dubious practices of the pharmaceutical industry. It is mainly because of this resistance that drug companies are now blanketing us with public relations messages. And the magic words, repeated over and over like an incantation, are research, innovation, and American. Research. Innovation. American. It makes a great story.
But while the rhetoric is stirring, it has very little to do with reality. First, research and development (R&D) is a relatively small part of the budgets of the big drug companies—dwarfed by their vast expenditures on marketing and administration, and smaller even than profits. In fact, year after year, for over two decades, this industry has been far and away the most profitable in the United States. (In 2003, for the first time, the industry lost its first-place position, coming in third, behind “mining, crude oil production,” and “commercial banks.”) The prices drug companies charge have little relationship to the costs of making the drugs and could be cut dramatically without coming anywhere close to threatening R&D.
Second, the pharmaceutical industry is not especially innovative. As hard as it is to believe, only a handful of truly important drugs have been brought to market in recent years, and they were mostly based on taxpayer-funded research at academic institutions, small biotechnology companies, or the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The great majority of “new” drugs are not new at all but merely variations of older drugs already on the market. These are called “me-too” drugs. The idea is to grab a share of an established, lucrative market by producing something very similar to a top-selling drug. For instance, we now have six statins (Mevacor, Lipitor, Zocor, Pravachol, Lescol, and the newest, Crestor) on the market to lower cholesterol, all variants of the first.
Third, the industry is hardly a model of American free enterprise. To be sure, it is free to decide which drugs to develop (me-too drugs instead of innovative ones, for instance), and it is free to price them as high as the traffic will bear, but it is utterly dependent on government-granted monopolies—in the form of patents and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved exclusive marketing rights. If it is not particularly innovative in discovering new drugs, it is highly innovative—and aggressive—in dreaming up ways to extend its monopoly rights.
And there is nothing peculiarly American about this industry. It is the very essence of a global enterprise. Roughly half of the largest drug companies are based in Europe. (The exact count shifts because of mergers.) In 2002, the top ten were the American companies Pfizer, Merck, Johnson & Johnson, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Wyeth (formerly American Home Products); the British companies GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca; the Swiss companies Novartis and Roche; and the French company Aventis (which in 2004 merged with another French company, Sanafi Synthelabo, putting it in third place). All are much alike in their operations. All price their drugs much higher here than in other markets.
Since the United States is the major profit center, it is simply good public relations for drug companies to pass themselves off as American, whether they are or not. It is true, however, that some of the European companies are now locating their R&D operations in the United States. They claim the reason for this is that we don’t regulate prices, as does much of the rest of the world. But more likely it is that they want to feed on the unparalleled research output of American universities and the NIH. In other words, it’s not private enterprise that draws them here but the very opposite—our publicly sponsored research enterprise.
Over the past two decades the pharmaceutical industry has moved very far from its original high purpose of discovering and producing useful new drugs. Now
primarily a marketing machine to sell drugs of dubious benefit, this industry uses its wealth and power to co-opt every institution that might stand in its way, including the US Congress, the FDA, academic medical centers, and the medical profession itself. (Most of its marketing efforts are focused on influencing doctors, since they must write the prescriptions.)
If prescription drugs were like ordinary consumer goods, all this might not matter very much. But drugs are different. People depend on them for their health and even their lives. In the words of Senator Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.), “It’s not like buying a car or tennis shoes or peanut butter.” People need to know that there are some checks and balances on this industry, so that its quest for profits doesn’t push every other consideration aside. But there aren’t such checks and balances.